Main Street Health Report
October 2024
Labor and wage stats
Every month we measure how small businesses are actually doing, from the timesheets of more than 100,000 of them: who is working, how many hours, what they are paid, and how that compares with the same month in previous years.
Changes in average hourly wages are minimal since September, with Retail seeing some growth
- Hourly employees
- 2M+
- Small businesses
- 100K+
- Measured, not surveyed
- Timesheet data
Hourly employees
Small businesses
Measured, not surveyed
Main Street at a glance
The top things to know this month
Hourly Wages
Changes in average hourly wages are minimal since September, with Retail seeing some growth
Hourly Wages
Industries with heavy reliance on seasonal employment flatlined or saw steady growth
Hourly Wages
Overall wage rates remain flat month over month, in line with lower employee activity
What the data shows
Each finding below takes one measure of Main Street, participation, hours, wages, hiring and turnover, and compares October 2024 with the same month in the two years before it. Every chart is drawn from the figures, which are published alongside it for anyone who wants to check or reuse them.
Hourly Wages
Wage growth slows in October
Changes in average hourly wages are minimal since September, with Retail seeing some growth
(Monthly change in average “Hourly Wages” across all jobs)
| Category | October 2024 |
|---|---|
| Food & Drink | $12.89 |
| Entertainment | $13.83 |
| Retail | $14.45 |
| Health Care | $18.95 |
| Professional Services | $15.57 |
Hourly Wages
Most industries see minimal wage changes
Industries with heavy reliance on seasonal employment flatlined or saw steady growth
(Average “Hourly Wages” across all jobs)
| Category | October 2024 |
|---|---|
| Food & Drink | $12.89 |
| Entertainment | $13.83 |
| Retail | $14.45 |
| Health Care | $18.95 |
| Professional Services | $15.57 |
Hourly Wages
Labor cost plateaus after a sharp rise in September
Overall wage rates remain flat month over month, in line with lower employee activity
(Percent change in average “Hourly Wages” across all jobs, relative to January 2022)
| Period | All industries |
|---|---|
| Point 1 | 1.3% |
| Point 2 | 1.1% |
| Point 3 | 2.7% |
| Point 4 | 3.3% |
| Point 5 | 3.7% |
| Point 6 | 4.4% |
| Point 7 | 5.1% |
| Point 8 | 6.0% |
| Point 9 | 7.3% |
| Point 10 | 7.7% |
| Point 11 | 9.4% |
| Jan'23 | 11.8% |
| Point 13 | 13.4% |
| Point 14 | 13.5% |
| Point 15 | 14.1% |
| Point 16 | 15.0% |
| Point 17 | 15.7% |
| Point 18 | 16.6% |
| Point 19 | 16.7% |
| Point 20 | 18.5% |
| Point 21 | 19.8% |
| Point 22 | 21.2% |
| Point 23 | 22.2% |
| Jan'24 | 24.7% |
| Point 25 | 25.9% |
| Point 26 | 25.8% |
| Point 27 | 26.5% |
| Point 28 | 26.9% |
| Point 29 | 27.5% |
| Point 30 | 27.9% |
| Point 31 | 28.5% |
| Point 32 | 29.3% |
| Oct'24 | 29.8% |
Number of Jobs Added
Hiring demand cools down after a flat September
Tracking to seasonal expectations, hiring demand dipped as businesses kept roster sizes stable
(Monthly change in average “Number of Jobs Added” across all jobs)
| Category | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan – Feb | (2.9%) | 2.0% | 3.1% |
| Feb – Mar | 1.4% | (3.3%) | 0.7% |
| Mar – Apr | 8.7% | 7.3% | 7.0% |
| Apr – May | 1.9% | 3.8% | 2.8% |
| May – Jun | (1.8%) | (1.4%) | 1.2% |
| Jun – Jul | (6.1%) | (7.0%) | (11.7%) |
| Jul – Aug | 3.7% | 5.4% | 8.1% |
| Aug – Sep | (1.5%) | 1.1% | 0.1% |
| Sep – Oct | (5.8%) | (5.6%) | (9.1%) |
Number of Jobs Archived
Employee turnover continues to slow down in October
We’re seeing a starker drop in turnover compared to last month, in line with last year’s trend
(Monthly change in average “Number of Jobs Archived” across all jobs)
| Category | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan – Feb | 1.4% | (3.9%) | (1.7%) |
| Feb – Mar | (5.0%) | (2.1%) | (0.1%) |
| Mar – Apr | 3.4% | 3.7% | 9.6% |
| Apr – May | (0.1%) | 7.7% | 6.0% |
| May – Jun | 1.8% | 1.9% | (10.8%) |
| Jun – Jul | (4.0%) | (0.2%) | (4.8%) |
| Jul – Aug | 12.1% | 12.1% | 5.7% |
| Aug – Sep | (5.8%) | (3.9%) | 1.7% |
| Sep – Oct | (2.5%) | 0.0% | (5.9%) |
Employees Working
SMB activity down, in line with expectations
As in August and September, October reflects continued post-summer cool down
(Monthly change in 7-day average of “Employees Working”, relative to January 2024)
| Category | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan – Feb | 6.0% | 1.4% | 2.1% |
| Feb – Mar | (0.2%) | 0.1% | 1.2% |
| Mar – Apr | 0.7% | 1.5% | 0.3% |
| Apr – May | 1.5% | 1.0% | 1.1% |
| May – Jun | 3.2% | 1.8% | 2.5% |
| Jun – Jul | (0.9%) | (0.4%) | (1.9%) |
| Jul – Aug | (2.5%) | (3.2%) | (2.8%) |
| Aug – Sep | (4.1%) | (3.8%) | (3.1%) |
| Sep – Oct | (2.1%) | (2.6%) | (2.8%) |
Hours Worked
Employee timecard activity stabilizes in October
“Hours Worked” reflects similar step down as in past years, after a sharper drop in September
(Monthly change in 7-day average of “Hours Worked”, relative to January 2024)
| Category | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan – Feb | 6.2% | 1.5% | 2.7% |
| Feb – Mar | (0.2%) | 0.9% | 2.1% |
| Mar – Apr | 0.6% | 0.6% | (0.6%) |
| Apr – May | 2.1% | 1.6% | 2.0% |
| May – Jun | 3.3% | 2.2% | 2.7% |
| Jun – Jul | (0.6%) | (0.1%) | (2.0%) |
| Jul – Aug | (2.4%) | (3.1%) | (2.5%) |
| Aug – Sep | (5.2%) | (4.8%) | (4.0%) |
| Sep – Oct | (1.8%) | (2.3%) | (2.5%) |
Homebase data, by region
Businesses impacted severely in Southeast
Hurricane Helene and Milton impact both businesses and employees
(Month-over-month change in core economic indicators, by Census region)
| Region | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Midwest | no data | no data | −2.2% |
| Northeast | no data | no data | −3.3% |
| Southeast | no data | no data | −8.4% |
| Southwest | no data | no data | −0.1% |
| West | no data | no data | −1.4% |
| Mid-Atlantic | no data | no data | −2.0% |
| Other | no data | no data | −2.2% |
Region classification - Midwest: ND, SD, NE, KS, MN, IA, MO, WI, IL, IN, OH, MI; West: NV, UT, AZ, NM, CO, WY, MT, ID, OR, WA,
Employees Working
Entertainment sees steeper monthly decline
Entertainment sees sharp drop in work activity, while Hospitality has a strong October
(Monthly change in 7-day average of “Employees Working”, relative to January 2024)
| Category | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan – Feb | 6.0% | 1.4% | 2.1% |
| Feb – Mar | (0.2%) | 0.1% | 1.2% |
| Mar – Apr | 0.7% | 1.5% | 0.3% |
| Apr – May | 1.5% | 1.0% | 1.1% |
| May – Jun | 3.2% | 1.8% | 2.5% |
| Jun – Jul | (0.9%) | (0.4%) | (1.9%) |
| Jul – Aug | (2.5%) | (3.2%) | (2.8%) |
| Aug – Sep | (4.1%) | (3.8%) | (3.1%) |
| Sep – Oct | (2.1%) | (2.6%) | (2.8%) |
Entertainment includes events/festivals, sports/recreation, parks, movie theaters, and other categories.
How we measure Main Street
The dataset is based on Homebase data gathered from more than 100,000 businesses and 2 million hourly employees active in the US on our platform, one of the largest and most trusted sources of real-time data on employment growth across the small business landscape.
Data from prior years uses similar cohort-based logic. Unless indicated otherwise, daily figures are calculated relative to the median value for that specific day for the baseline month, net of the first four days of the month.
Every chart on this page is drawn from the underlying figures rather than copied from the PDF. Those figures come from the same model the report is built on, which is refreshed each month as more timesheets land, so a value here may differ slightly from the one printed in the original slide. The PDF stays available above as published.
If you use any content from this report, please include a link to joinhomebase.com.
Measured from timesheets, not surveys
- Hourly employees
- 2M+
- Small businesses
- 100K+
Hourly employees
Small businesses
- Hours worked
Calculated from hours recorded in Homebase timecards.
- Businesses open
Based on whether a business had at least one employee clock-in.
- Employees working
The distinct number of hourly workers with at least one clock-in.
- Wage inflation
The monthly change in average hourly wages at businesses that ran Payroll with Homebase in March 2026 and March 2025.
The story behind the numbers
Read the monthly analysis
Every month the team writes up what these figures mean for the people running the businesses behind them: what changed, what it costs, and what to do about it.
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